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Results: The rate of initial hemostasis was 97.1%. rebleeding occurred in 2.2% of patients within 2 weeks, 3.9% of patients within 4 weeks, 18.9% of patients within 6 months, and 27.6% of patients within 12 months of the GVO procedure. A previous history of variceal bleeding (relative risk [RR], 1.955; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.263 to 3.028; p = 0.003) and use of PPIs (RR, 0.554; 95% CI, 0.352 to 0.873; p = 0.011) were associated with rebleeding. Child-Pugh class C (RR, 10.914; 95% CI, 4.032 to 29.541; p < 0.001), failure of initial hemostasis (RR, 13.329; 95% CI, 2.795 to 63.556; p = 0.001), and the presence of red-colored concomitant esophageal varices (RR, 4.096; 95% CI, 1.320 to 12.713; p = 0.015) were associated with bleeding-related death.
Background/aims: To evaluate the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in reducing rebleeding and bleeding-related death rates after endoscopic gastric variceal obliteration (GVO) using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBC).
Methods: This study enrolled 341 patients who were consecutively diagnosed with and treated for bleeding gastric varices. The patients were divided into PPI and non-PPI groups, and their endoscopic findings, initial hemostasis outcomes, rebleeding and bleeding-related death rates, and treatment-related complications were analyzed.
Plasmasphere - An extension of Earth's upper atmosphere and ionosphere into space. This material is a charged plasma with particle energies below 100 electron Volts. The plasma is anchored to Earth's magnetic field and is dragged into a 24-hour 'co-rotational' orbit out to 10,000 kilometers or more.
(2003: Sandel et al)
IMAGE-FUV imaging of the proton aurora, combined with EUV imaging of the plasmasphere, has shown that the detached afternoon-sector proton auroras discovered earlier by IMAGE have a source region in plasmaspheric plumes [Spasojevic et al., 2004]. Further work using correlative data from the Polar satellite's magnetometer has identified ion cyclotron waves in the plasmaspheric plumes, suggesting that pitch-angle scattering of energetic protons is the source mechanism for the detached arcs. This result verifies long-standing theoretical predictions about wave-particle interactions.
Cyclotron Waves - When low-energy charged particles (electrons, ions) move in a magnetic field they move with a periodic 'orbital' period called the cyclotron frequency. When a plasma of ions move in a magnetic field, a wave-like resonance condition occurs at the cyclotron frequency which causes magneto-electric disturbances to travel through the plasma.
Yu EW, Blackwell T, Ensrud KE, Hillier TA, Lane NE, Orwoll E, Bauer DC. Acid-suppressive medications and risk of bone loss and fracture in older adults. Calcif Tissue Int. 2008 Oct;83(4):251-9. doi: 10.1007/s00223-008-9170-1. Epub 2008 Sep 24.
Hodgson SF. Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1990;19: 95-111.
H2 receptor antagonist drugs like cimetidine (Tagamet) and ranitidine (Zantac) are also used to suppress acid production, which suggests that they might impair nutrient absorption similarly. However, studies have suggested that they do not seem to increase fracture risk as do proton pump inhibitors. One reason may be that they work by blocking the action of histamine — a chemical released in immune responses. Histamine tends to promote bone resorption. So these drugs are less likely, long term, to promote bone loss. Even so, there are studies showing that bone loss occurs in people taking H2 receptor antagonists if they do not have good intake of specific key bone nutrients, such as calcium and vitamin D.
I realize that it’s not always possible to avoid these medications, but there often exist dietary and lifestyle changes and alternative medical approaches that go to the root of the disorder and reduce the need for bone-damaging medications. Also, once you know your medication may harm your bones, you can take steps to protect your skeleton. Plus, by knowing what the medications are, you can talk with your practitioner to determine whether there are less bone-damaging alternatives and support your body’s natural healing processes as much as possible.
Spectroscopic properties for various isotopomers of HCNH + were calculated by SCEP CEPA using a basis set of 80 contracted GTOs. The equilibrium bond lengths are predicted to be r1e(CH) = 1.0785, Re(CN) = 1.1346, and r2e(NH) = 1.0116 Å. Anharmonic stretching frequencies and IR intensities were calculated. The strongest stretching band is ν2(H 12 C 14 ND + ) at 2681 cm −1 with an absorption band strength of 1676 atm −1 cm −2 at 298 K. The equilibrium dipole moment of H 12 C 14 NH + is −0.29±0.02 D.